- M68000
can only divide a
32-bits integer number by
a 16-bits integer number
- The syntax
of the DIVS instruction is:
DIVS <ea>, Dn Divides a 32 bit value in data register Dn by a 16-bit value specified by <ea> (1) the quotient is stored in the lower 16 bits of data register Dn (2) the remainder is stored in the upper 16 bits of data register Dn
- SWAP:
- The "SWAP Dn" instruction exchanges the upper and lower halves of the data register Dn.
- Example:
+----------+----------+----------+----------+ D0 = | 00000000 | 00000001 | 00000000 | 00000010 | +----------+----------+----------+----------+ After SWAP D0: +----------+----------+----------+----------+ D0 = | 00000000 | 00000010 | 00000000 | 00000001 | +----------+----------+----------+----------+
- Fact:
- The quotient and the
remainder of
DIVS are
16 bits results
- An int value is
represented in 32 bits
- Therfore:
- You must convert the 16 bits (quotient or remainder) into 32 bits before you can store it in an int variable
- The quotient and the
remainder of
DIVS are
16 bits results
- Example: quotient
int i, j, k; k = i / j; In assembler: MOVE.L i, D0 * Get 32 bits from i into D0 MOVE.L j, D1 * Get 32 bits from j into D0 DIVS D1, D0 * Divide 32 bits in D0 by 16 bits in D1 (We actually converted the int in D1 to a short It will work as long as j is small) * The quotient is stored as 16 bits * We must convert to 32 bits before storing result to int variable k !!! EXT.L D0 * The quotient is now stored as 32 bits MOVE.L D0, k * Store 32 bits quotient to the int varibale k - Example: remainder
int i, j, k; k = i % j; In assembler: MOVE.L i, D0 * Get 32 bits from i into D0 MOVE.L j, D1 * Get 32 bits from j into D0 DIVS D1, D0 * Divide 32 bits in D0 by 16 bits in D1 (We actually converted the int in D1 to a short It will work as long as j is small) SWAP D0 * Move the remainder to the lower 16 bits * The remainder is stored as 16 bits * We must convert to 32 bits before storing result to int variable k !!! EXT.L D0 * The remainder is now stored as 32 bits MOVE.L D0, k * Store 32 bits remainder to the int variable k
- More examples:
int a; short b; byte c; a = b / c; move.w b, d0 (16 bits valid in d0) ext.l d0 (You need 32 bits to divide) move.b c, d1 (8 bits valid in d1) ext.w d1 (You need 16 bits valid to divide) divs d1, d0 (Quotient is 16 bits in d0) ext.l d0 (Make 32 bit representation) move.l d0, a (store 32 bits in a) b = a / c; move.l a, d0 (32 bits valid in d0) move.b c, d1 (8 bits valid in d1) ext.w d1 (You need 16 bits valid to divide) divs d1, d0 (Quotient is 16 bits in d0) move.l d0, b (store 16 bits in b) c = a / b; move.l a, d0 (32 bits valid in d0) move.w b, d1 (16 bits valid in d1) divs d1, d0 (Quotient is 16 bits in d0) (We will only use 8 bits) move.b d0, c (store 8 bits in c)
- Compute the remainder:
(you just have to swap
the result of the division)
int a; short b; byte c; a = b % c; move.w b, d0 (16 bits valid in d0) ext.l d0 (You need 32 bits to divide) move.b c, d1 (8 bits valid in d1) ext.w d1 (You need 16 bits valid to divide) divs d1, d0 (Quotient is 16 bits in d0) swap d0 (Remainder is now the lower 16 bits) ext.l d0 (Make 32 bit representation) move.l d0, a (store 32 bits in a) b = a % c; move.l a, d0 (32 bits valid in d0) move.b c, d1 (8 bits valid in d1) ext.w d1 (You need 16 bits valid to divide) divs d1, d0 (Quotient is 16 bits in d0) swap d0 (Remainder is now the lower 16 bits) move.l d0, b (store 16 bits in b) c = a % b; move.l a, d0 (32 bits valid in d0) move.w b, d1 (16 bits valid in d1) divs d1, d0 (Quotient is 16 bits in d0) swap d0 (Remainder is now the lower 16 bits) (We will only use 8 bits) move.b d0, c (store 8 bits in c)
- Prog file: click here